Like
solids and liquids, gas is a common state of matter.
Pure
gases are made up of just one atom. Neon is an example of a pure gas.
Elemental
gases are made up of two or more of the same atoms joined together. Hydrogen
gas (H2) is an example an elemental gas.
Compound
gases contain a combination of different atoms. Carbon monoxide (CO) is an
example of a compound gas.
The
air we breathe here on Earth is made up of different gases. It contains around
78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% argon and a small amount of other gases.
Natural
gas contains mostly methane, it is used as a fuel to generate electricity and
is common in the home where it can be used for heating, cooking and other
purposes.
Gas
pressure is measured in pascals.
The
helium balloons you get at parties and carnivals float because helium is
lighter than the air surrounding it.
Noble
gases are a group of chemical elements that are very stable under normal
conditions. Naturally occurring noble gases include helium, neon, argon,
krypton, xenon and radon.
The
ozone layer that protects Earth from the Sun’s potentially damaging UV light is
made up of ozone (O3), an oxygen allotrope containing 3 oxygen atoms bound
together.
Nitrous
oxide (N20) is a gas with interesting properties that allow it to be used in a
variety of different ways, these include as an anesthetic in hospitals (you may
have heard it referred to as laughing gas) and to increase the power of engines
in motor racing (often called nitrous or just NOS).
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