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Top 10 Tiny Animals With Enough Poison To Absolutely Destroy You
Most people would steer clear of any snakes or over-sized spiders that crossed our paths. We have a sort of logic when it comes to animals that tells us “Bigger = Deadlier.” And in the case, say, a King Cobraversus a garden snake, that argument checks out.
But more often, you will often find that the opposite is true. Many animals make up for their small size with deadly venom, and so what may look like a regular snail could actually be your final downfall. Below are ten tiny, but incredibly deadly, animals.
10. Sonoran Coralsnake
These snakes, related to cobras, are found in the deserts of Mexico and the Southern US. While they can grow to about two feet, they usually don’t, and are much smaller and skinnier than most other snakes. As if they’re not hard enough to see, due to their size, they tend to be nocturnal.
Lucky for us, they prefer to indulge in cannibalism, snacking almost exclusively on other snakes. But if you do decide to pick one up and play with it, beware: their venom is a powerful neurotoxin that can paralyze your central nervous system.
9. Blue Ringed Octopus
Try to forget about starting another grammar war over whether it’s “octopuses” or “octopi,” and try to focus on how this thing will straight-up kill you. The Blue Ringed Octopus can be found in the waters aroundAustralia, and measure up to a whopping 4 inches in size. Usually it is a brown or yellow color but, when frightened, its blue rings will light up all over its body.
However, as pretty as it is, do not touch! The tiny critter has an incurable venom toxic enough to kill 26 adults humans in a matter of minutes.
8. Brazilian Wandering Spider
So called because they hunt prey, as opposed to spinning webs, the Brazilian Wandering Spider has been recognized since 2007 as the spider with the most powerful venom in the world, and the one responsible for the most human deaths. Most victims will die within an hour of being bitten.
The spider, which can grow to have a leg span of 4 inches, is also known as the banana spider, as it tends to hide inside between bunches of bananas and then jump out at their prey. In 2008, one was found in a crate of bananas in Britain. It was caught with a pencil, since that’s logically the best tool to approach the most dangerous spider alive with, before humanely putting them. By that, we naturally mean “blow them up as violently as possible.”
7. Deathstalker Scorpion
Deathstalker scorpions are mainly found throughout Africa and Asia in mainly dry, desert habitats, measuring up to 4 inches, but usually around 2. They are considered to contain among the most powerful and painful scorpion venom in the world, which can cause fever, convulsions, paralysis and death.
When it comes to scorpions in general, the smaller the pincer, the more powerful the venom. While many people would probably assume the opposite, this is because those with large pincers can rely on the force of their bite to get their message across, while those with small ones need toxins to defend themselves.
6. Tarantula Hawk
Actually a type of wasp, there are 15 species of tarantula hawks in North America, and they can grow to be about 2 inches long. They are so called because they hunt tarantulas, stinging and paralyzing them. The Tarantula hawk will then lay eggs in the spider, and bury it alive. When the eggs hatch, they will eat the spider alive for 35 days.
So unless you’re a tarantula, that’s not something you need to worry about. But that doesn’t mean you have nothing to worry about, since its venomous sting is meant to be the second-most painful sting in the animal kingdom.
Interesting Geography Facts
Alaska
More than half of the coastline of the entire United States is in Alaska.
Amazon
The Amazon rain-forest produces more than 20% of the world's oxygen supply.
The Amazon River pushes so much water into the Atlantic Ocean that, more than one hundred miles at sea off the mouth of the river, one can dip fresh water out of the ocean.
The volume of water in the Amazon river is greater than the next eight largest rivers in the world combined and three times the flow of all rivers in the United States.
Antarctica
Antarctica is the only land on our planet that is not owned by any country. Ninety percent of the world's ice covers Antarctica. This ice also represents seventy percent of all the fresh water in the world. As strange as it sounds, however, Antarctica is essentially a desert.
The average y early total precipitation is about two inches. Although covered with ice (all but 0.4% of it), Antarctica is the driest place on the planet, with an absolute humidity lower than the Gobi desert.
Brazil
Brazil got its name from the nut, not the other way around.
The Future of Education
 |
| Image: Kalexanderson on Flickr |
Google, Cyborgs, and the Future of Education
By: Joe Federer, TeachHUB.com
Beyond the information revolution: How will technology change the classroom?
It’s been an interesting week in science and technology – from the mind-controlled bionic hand that can sense what it’s holding to the human ear created using a 3D printer and live cells to the announcement that Google Glass, Google’s augmented reality glasses, will hit shelves sometime in 2013.
At first glance at a product like Google Glass, many teachers may ask themselves - Well how do we keep kids from cheating if all of the information in the world is available in the periphery of their glasses? But that question has built into it an assumption about education which may not be true for long.
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Largest Gun Ever "Gustav Gun"
 |
| Hitler looking at the Gustav Railway gun. |
Two types of projectiles were fired using a 3000lb. charge of smokeless powder: a 10,584 lb. high explosive (HE) shell and a 16,540 lb. concrete-piercing projectile. Craters from the HE shells measured 30-ft. wide and 30-ft. deep while the concrete piercing projectile proved capable of penetrating 264-ft. of reinforced concrete before exploding! Maximum range was 23 miles with HE shells and 29 miles with concrete piercing projectiles. Muzzle velocity was approximately 2700 f.p.s.
Three guns were ordered in 1939. Alfried Krupp personally hosted Hitler and Albert Speer (Minister of Armaments) at the Hugenwald Proving Ground during formal acceptance trials of the Gustav Gun in the spring of 1941. In keeping with company tradition, Krupp refrained from charging for the first gun - 7 million Deutsch Marks were charged for the second (named Dora after the chief engineer's wife).
Thousand Year Old World’s Largest Cashew Tree- Maior Cajueiro do Mundo.
In 1994, the Guinness Book of Records set aside a separate column for the world’s largest cashew tree called Maior Cajueiro do Mondo located in Natal, Brazil. The gigantic tree has grown from an amalgamation of two genetic tissues. Such tissues allow the branches of the tree to grow outwards rather than upwards. Gradually, hence, the branches tend to stoop towards the ground and eventually make for a root. This new root further grows into a new tree.
The massive tree occupies 80,000 square feet of land or roughly five acres. It is guessed to be around thousand years old. One can easily climb a tower to view this tree from a vantage point or for that matter, even climb up through the roots.
You can heartily go and pay a visit to this enormous work of nature. However, beware of the orange caterpillars. These gorgeous looking insects are poisonous. They swamp over the tree seasonally and are a size of a finger.
The beauty of this tree is that it produces 60,000 pieces of cashew fruit each year. As for some people it may come as a surprise that a cashew nut is not the fruit but a single nut is attached only to the bottom of the fruit!
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Amazing Peacock Spiders
In Australia there are many species of Spider,
but one very small variety, found so far only in Queensland and New South
Wales, is ‘Maratus Volans’. Also known as the Jumping Peacock Spider, the
miniature males have truly amazing colours of iridescent red, green and blue,
among others. The head and breast parts of this spectacular beast are usually
very dark with red stripes, while the upper abdomen area is green, blue and
red. That is not the end of the story, however, because, like peacocks, male
spiders also possess a sort of cape or flap around their abdomen which they can
raise for display whilst courting.
These
dramatic-looking spiders may seem like they're getting ready to attack, but
this colorful display from male peacock spiders is in fact a mating ritual.
Similar to
peacock birds, where this spider gets its nickname from, the male flashes it’s
brightly colored, iridescent stomach flaps in a bid to attract females. And even if these arachnids did attack, they
wouldn't get far because the adults only grow to about 5mm long.
Male peacock
spiders extend their legs and flash their colorful, iridescent abdominal flaps
to attract a mate.
Peacock
spiders are members of the jumping spider’s family, renowned for being tiny.
Adults only grow up to around 5mm in length.
While the
male peacock spiders carry out their mating ritual, the females carefully study
the coloring, vibrations and movements to make sure the potential suitor is
healthy and the correct species to mate with.
This is the
Maratus harrisi species of peacock spider that is traditionally found in the
Namadgi National Park in New South Wales. The ruler is shown for scale.
When a male
peacock spider senses a female it will begin the mating ritual by lifting its
legs and flashing its stomach in a sequence that looks like a dance routine.
The females
carefully study the coloring, vibrations and movements of the male to make sure
the potential suitor is healthy and the correct species to mate with.
Once he has
mated, he will repeat this dance with as many females as he can find and
Maratus spiders can have multiple partners at one time.
There are 20
known species of peacock spiders living in Australia, yet they're so hard to
come by only eight have been formally identified.
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DNA Basics !
What is DNA?
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a person’s body has the same DNA. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (where it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA).
All you need to know about "The 5-second rule"
Almost everyone has dropped some food on the floor and still wanted to eat it. If someone saw you drop it, he or she might have yelled, "5-second rule!" This so-called rule says food is OK to eat if you pick it up in 5 seconds or less.
Believe it or not, scientists have tested the rule. We're sorry to report it's not necessarily true. Bacteria can attach itself to your food even if you pick it up super-fast. But will your dropped food contain enough bacteria to make you sick? It's possible — and that's why you shouldn't eat food that has hit the floor.
Here's what you need to know about the 5-second rule:
A clean-looking floor isn't necessarily clean.
A floor that looks dirty is usually worse, but even dry floors that look clean can contain bacteria. Why? Some germs can survive on the floor for a long time. And unless you have a powerful microscope, you can't check to see how many germs are there. So chances are, some bacteria are probably living on your kitchen floor and the cafeteria floor at school.
99 Interesting Facts about Honey Bee !
Honey Bee
- It take 3 days for an honey bee egg to hatch.
- 8 days from when the queen lays an egg for the larvae to be capped.
- 21 days from when the queen lays an egg for a worker bee to emerge from the cell.
- 24 days from when the queen lays an egg for a drone to emerge from the cell.
- 16 days from when the queen lays an egg for a virgin queen to emerge from the cell.
- Honey Bees have 2 sets of wings, and six legs.
- Honey bees have two stomachs.
- Honey bees fly up to 2 miles for nectar and pollen.
- There is only one queen bee in a hive of up to 70,000
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Gas Fact
Like
solids and liquids, gas is a common state of matter.
Pure
gases are made up of just one atom. Neon is an example of a pure gas.
Elemental
gases are made up of two or more of the same atoms joined together. Hydrogen
gas (H2) is an example an elemental gas.
Compound
gases contain a combination of different atoms. Carbon monoxide (CO) is an
example of a compound gas.
The
air we breathe here on Earth is made up of different gases. It contains around
78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% argon and a small amount of other gases.
Natural
gas contains mostly methane, it is used as a fuel to generate electricity and
is common in the home where it can be used for heating, cooking and other
purposes.
Gas
pressure is measured in pascals.
The
helium balloons you get at parties and carnivals float because helium is
lighter than the air surrounding it.
Noble
gases are a group of chemical elements that are very stable under normal
conditions. Naturally occurring noble gases include helium, neon, argon,
krypton, xenon and radon.
The
ozone layer that protects Earth from the Sun’s potentially damaging UV light is
made up of ozone (O3), an oxygen allotrope containing 3 oxygen atoms bound
together.
Nitrous
oxide (N20) is a gas with interesting properties that allow it to be used in a
variety of different ways, these include as an anesthetic in hospitals (you may
have heard it referred to as laughing gas) and to increase the power of engines
in motor racing (often called nitrous or just NOS).
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All about Sunrise
The sun also exhibits an optical illusion at
sunrise similar to the moon illusion.
The apparent westward
revolution of Sun around the earth after rising out of the horizon is due to
Earth's eastward rotation, a counter-clockwise revolution when viewed from
above the North Pole. This illusion is so convincing that most cultures had
mythologies and religions built around the geocentric model. This same effect
can be seen with near-polar satellites as well.
Sunrise and sunset are
calculated from the leading and trailing edges of the Sun, and not the center;
this slightly increases the duration of "day" relative to
"night". The sunrise equation, however, is based on the center of the
sun.
The timing of sunrise
varies throughout the year and is also affected by the viewer's longitude and
latitude, altitude, and time zone. Small daily changes and noticeable
semi-annual changes in the timing of sunrises are driven by the axial tilt of
Earth, daily rotation of the earth, the planet's movement in its annual
elliptical orbit around the Sun, and the earth and moon's paired revolutions
around each other. In the springtime, the days get longer and sunrises occur
earlier every day until the day of the earliest sunrise, which occurs before
the summer solstice. In the Northern Hemisphere, the earliest sunrise does not
fall on the summer solstice around June 21, but occurs earlier in June. The
precise date of the earliest sunrise depends on the viewer's latitude
(connected with the slower Earth's movement around the aphelion around July 4).
Likewise, the latest sunrise does not occur on the winter solstice, but rather
about two weeks later, again depending on the viewer's latitude. In the
Northern Hemisphere, the latest sunrise occurs in early January (influence from
the Earth's faster movement near the perihelion, which occurs around January
3). Likewise, the same phenomena exist in the Southern Hemisphere except with
the respective dates reversed, with the latest sunrises occurring some time
after June 21 in winter and earliest sunrises occurring some time before
December 21 in summer, again depending on one's southern latitude. For one or
two weeks surrounding both solstices, both sunrise and sunset get slightly
later or earlier each day. Even on the equator, sunrise and sunset shift
several minutes back and forth through the year, along with solar noon. These
effects are plotted by an analemma.
Due to Earth's axial
tilt, whenever and wherever sunrise occurs, it is always in the northeast
quadrant from the March equinox to the September equinox and in the southeast
quadrant from the September equinox to the March equinox. Sunrises occur due
east on the March and September equinoxes for all viewers on Earth.
Colors
Incident solar white
light traveling through the Earth's atmosphere is attenuated by scattering and
absorption by air molecules and airborne particles via a combination of
Rayleigh scattering and Mie scattering. At sunset and sunrise, sunlight's path
through the atmosphere is much longer than during the daytime, which creates
different colors. At sunrise and sunset, there is more attenuation and light
scattering by air molecules that remove violets, blues, and greens, relatively
enhancing reds and oranges. Because the shorter wavelength light of violets,
blues, and greens scatter more strongly by Rayleigh Scattering, violets, blues,
and greens are removed almost completely from the incident beam, leaving mostly
only longer-wavelength orange and red hues at sunrise and sunset, which are
further scattered by Mie scattering across the horizon to produce intense reds
and oranges when there are soot, dust, or solid or liquid aerosols in the
atmosphere. The removal of the shorter wavelengths of light is due to Rayleigh
scattering by air molecules and small particles of sizes an order of magnitude
smaller that the wavelength of visible light (typically particles and molecules
smaller than 50 nm). The sun is actually white when observed without any air
between the viewer and the sun, so, sunlight in outer space contains a mixture
of violets, blues, greens, yellows, oranges, and reds. Due to Rayleigh scattering,
the sun appears reddish or yellowish when we look at it from Earth, since the
longer wavelengths of reds and yellow light are scattered the least, passing
through the air to the viewer, while shorter wavelengths like violet, blue, and
green light are in effect removed from direct sunlight by air molecules'
Rayleigh scattering.
Rayleigh scattering is
the elastic scattering of electromagnetic radiation due to the polarizability
of the electron cloud in molecules and particles much smaller than the wavelength
of visible light. Rayleigh scattering intensity is fairly omnidirectional and
has a strong reciprocal 4th-power wavelength dependency, and, thus, the shorter
wavelengths of violet and blue light are affected much more than the longer
wavelengths of yellow to red light. During the day, this scattering results in
the increasingly intense blue color of the sky away from the direct line of
sight to the Sun, whereas, during sunrise and sunset, the much longer path
length through the atmosphere results in the complete removal of violet, blue,
and green light from the incident rays, leaving weak intensities of orange to
red light.
After Rayleigh
scattering has removed the violets, blues, and greens, people's viewing of red
and orange colors of sunsets and sunrises is then enhanced by the presence of
particulate matter, dust, soot, water droplets (like clouds), or other aerosols
in the atmosphere, (the notable one being sulfuric acid droplets from volcanic
eruptions). Particles much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light
efficiently enhance the blue colors for off-axis short path lengths through air
(resulting in blue skies, since Rayleigh scattering intensity increases as the
sixth power of the particle diameter). Larger particles as aerosols, however,
with sizes comparable to and longer than the wavelength of light, scatter by
mechanisms treated, for spherical shapes, by the Mie theory. Mie scattering is
largely wavelength-insensitive. Its spacial distribution is highly preferential
in the forward direction of the incident light being scattered, thus having its
largest effect when an observer views the light in the direction of the rising
or setting Sun, rather than looking in other directions. During the daytime,
Mie Scattering in general causes a diffuse white halo around the Sun,
decreasing the perception of blue color in the direction toward the Sun, and it
causes daytime clouds to appear white due to white sunlight. At sunset and
sunrise, Mie scattering off of particles and aerosols across the horizon, then
transmits the red and orange wavelengths that remain after Rayleigh scattering
has depleted the blue light. This explains why sunsets without soot, dust, or
aerosols are dull and fairly faint-red, while sunsets and sunrises are
brilliantly intense when there are lots of soot, dust, or other aerosols in the
air.
Sunset colors are
typically more brilliant than sunrise colors, because, in general, the evening
air contains more particles and aerosols and clouds than morning air. Cloud
droplets are much larger than the wavelength of light, so they scatter all
colors equally by Mie scattering, which makes them appear white when
illuminated by white sunlight during the daytime. The clouds glow orange and
red due to Mie scattering during sunsets and sunrises, because they are
illuminated with the orange and red light that remains after multiple prior
Rayleigh scattering events of the light from the setting/rising sun.
Ash from volcanic
eruptions, trapped within the troposphere, tends to mute sunset and sunrise
colors, whereas volcanic ejecta lofted into the stratosphere (as thin clouds of
tiny sulfuric acid droplets) can yield beautiful post-sunset colors called
afterglows and pre-sunrise glows. A number of eruptions, including those of
Mount Pinatubo in 1991 and Krakatoa in 1883, have produced sufficiently high
stratospheric sulfuric acid clouds to yield remarkable sunset afterglows (and
pre-sunrise glows) around the world. The high-altitude clouds serve to reflect
strongly-reddened sunlight still striking the stratosphere after sunset, down
to the surface.
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These bird migration facts might surprise you.
Bird's Migration
Every birder is familiar with migration as a great time to see new and
unusual bird species passing through areas where they might not be found during
the breeding or wintering seasons, but how much do you really know about
migration?
These bird migration facts might surprise you!
The word migration comes from the Latin migratus that means “to change”
and refers to how birds change their geographic locations seasonally.
Migration peaks in spring and fall, but in reality, there are birds
migrating 365 days a year. The actual dates of when birds migrate depends on
many factors, including bird species, migration distance, travel speed, route,
climate and more.
Before migrating, many birds enter a state of hyperphagia, where
hormone levels compel them to drastically increase their body weight to store
fat to use as energy while traveling. Some bird species may as much as double
their body weight in the weeks leading up to migration.
The time it takes a single bird to complete its one way migration can
range from a few weeks to up to four months, depending on the total distance,
flight speed, route and stopovers. Birds migrating late in the season typically
travel faster than earlier migrants of the same species.
Hawks, swifts, swallows and waterfowl migrate primarily during the day,
while many songbirds migrate at night, in part to avoid the attention of
migrating predators such as raptors. The cooler, calmer air at night also makes
migration more efficient for many species, while those that migrate during the
day most often take advantage of solar-heated thermal currents for easy
soaring.
Migrating birds use the stars for navigation, as well as the sun, wind
patterns and landforms, all of which help guide them to the same locations each
year. The earth's magnetic field also plays a part in how birds migrate.
Birds may fly from 15-600 miles or more per day during migration,
depending on when they are migrating, how far they have to go and the
conditions they face along the route, including the availability of suitable
stopovers.
Transoceanic migrants – birds who follow a migration route that crosses
an ocean – may spend up to 100 hours or more in the air at a single time until
they come to land.
Many migratory birds have longer, more pointed wings than nonmigratory
species or birds with shorter migrations. This wing structure is more
aerodynamic with less air resistance and allows for more efficient, easier
flight.
Migrating birds travel at speeds ranging from 15-50 miles per hour
depending on the species, flight pattern and prevailing winds that can increase
or decrease speed.
While most migrating birds fly at heights lower than 2,000 feet, birds
have been recorded migrating at up to 29,000 feet high. The height of a bird's
migration flight depends on wind patterns and landforms that may create
obstacles, such as mountain ranges.
The ruby-throated hummingbird migrates from the Yucatan peninsula of
Mexico to the southeastern United States every spring, a journey of 500-600
miles over the Caribbean Sea that takes 24 hours without a break.
The rufous hummingbird has the longest migration of any hummingbird
species: a one-way trip of 3,000 miles between its breeding grounds in Alaska
and its winter range in Mexico. In spring, rufous hummingbirds travel north up
the Pacific coast, while in autumn they travel south through more mountainous
regions.
The Arctic tern has the longest recorded migration of any bird on the planet;
banded Arctic terns have confirmed a round-trip migration of roughly 22,000
miles.
Migrating birds face many threats along their journeys, including
window collisions, confusing lights that disrupt navigation, hunting, habitat
loss and predation. Juvenile birds are at greater risk because of their
inexperience with migration – yet somehow, birds successfully migrate every
year.
(Source: http://birding.about.com)
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How Do Dolphins Sleep?
Dolphins, like humans,
are mammals. They are warm-blooded, bear live young, breathe air, and they
require sleep. However, for dolphins, sleeping and breathing at the same time
can pose a bit of a problem. Humans are able to breathe during sleep as they
live on land and can perform the task unconsciously. However, dolphins are
aquatic mammals; they must actively make the decision to breathe and come up to
the surface for air. Fortunately, as Bob Holmes notes in his May 1, 2009
article "'Brain-juggling' lets dolphins avoid sleep deprivation"
published in NewScientist, nature has come up with a remarkable solution to the
problem so that dolphins sleep without drowning.
How Do Dolphins Sleep?
The February 2, 1998
Scientific American article "How do whales and dolphins sleep without
drowning" describes this interesting process of dolphin sleeping. Dolphins
are able to send one half of their brain to sleep at a time so that they are
never completely unconscious.The other half of the brain monitors what’s going
on, ensuring that the animal stays out of danger and continues to breathe.
Which half sleeps switches from nap to nap. Dolphins often swim with dolphins
in groups called pods. During sleep they keep at least one eye open, allowing
them to stay in contact with the others in the pod and coordinate their
movements. Although they could likely sleep anywhere, usually dolphins sleep
near the surface so that they can come up for air easily. These creatures can
often be seen swimming slowly near the surface with little movement. This
action is called “logging” and these dolphins are at rest.
Do Dolphins Have
Dreams?
Perhaps dolphins dream
about their day, eating, chatting with other dolphins, a round-the-world swim
with dolphins in pods. The truth is nobody knows for sure. However, Margaret
Klinowska does note in her September 26, 1994 essay “Brains, Behaviour and
Intelligence in Cetaceans” published in the second edition of 11 Essays on
Whales and Man, that dolphins are one of the few mammals that do not have REM
sleep. Humans sleep during the REM stage of the sleep cycle. One could deduce
that if dolphins don’t have a REM stage, then they can’t have dreams. However,
some scientists dispute this claim and say dolphins merely have very low levels
of REM sleep. It’s also possible that dolphins sleep and dream differently from
humans. Studies done on captive belugas and grey whales show that these aquatic
mammals sometimes have muscular spasms during their brief REM stage, which
could be associated with dreaming.
How Do Scientists Know
Dolphins Sleep?
Scientists don’t just
swim with dolphins and watch them for hours, although observation is an
important component of their studies. The 1998 Scientific American article
describes how scientists use electroencephalography – hooking up electrodes to
captive dolphins’ heads and measuring the electricity levels in their brains.
The resulting data is an electroencephalogram or EEG. The EEG shows that during
sleep, half of the dolphin’s brain is active while the other half shuts down.
Studies show that dolphins sleep about eight hours a day.
Dolphins have captured
the hearts of many people. However, many species are endangered due to fishing
practices and human caused environmental changes. Hopefully, actions can still
be taken to save this wonderful species. They should be able to live in their
natural environments peacefully whether asleep or awake.
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